Central Asia has an extremely arid climate, and a lack of precipitation has resulted in a great reliance on the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya for agriculture. Summers are hot while winters are temperate, with plenty of sunshine and minimal precipitation across the region.
Water scarcity has resulted in highly unequal population distribution, with the majority of people who live along the agriculturally productive river banks or in the fertile mountain hills of the southern part of the country; relatively speaking few people live in the massive arid vast stretches of western and central Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and western Uzbekistan,
Central Asia is an area of Asia that stretches from the West of the Caspian Sea to the western Chinese border on the east side. Russia borders it in the north, and Iran, China, and Afghanistan border it in the south.
Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan are the former Soviet nations that make up the region.
Biodiversity of Turkmenistan
Hundreds of species of plants, ranging from desert grasslands to saksauls and mountain forests, make up Turkmenistan’s biodiversity. In the fauna, there are 372 birds, 91 mammals, 60 fish, and 74 reptiles. The desert may be sparse in terms of vegetation and fauna, but Turkmenistan’s mountainous river basins are a veritable treasure trove. This item has been safeguarded by the Badkyz, Krasnodar, and Repetek Reserves.
Turkmenistan has a harsh continental climate. In July, the average daily temperature drops from +30-32°C to -5°C during the winter. Temperature varies greatly during the day. The yearly average rainfall in deserts varies from 80-400 mm in the highlands. Hot winds, as well as dust storms, are also common in the plains.
Highest Point of Turkmenistan
The Turkistan Range, also known as the Turkestan Mountains, is a mountain range that runs through Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan. It extends 300 kilometers east-west between both the Fergana to Zeravshan valleys, splitting out from the Alay Mountains. The Kughinang Mountains are home to Turkmenistan’s highest point, Airibaba (3,137m).
In the Kara Kum Desert, the Bolsoi (Big) Balkan is a mountainous region. Archaeologists discovered Stone Age human bones there. Sandstones, schists, and limestones make up the majority of the range. The northern slopes have groves of trees underneath the snow level, whereas the drier, more abrupt southern slopes are nearly bare of flora. The road linking Roteppa to Dushanbe in Tajikistan passes via the Shakhristan Pass, which stands at 3,378 m.
Barchans The Kara Kum sands, which make up 7% of flat land, are a distinctive type of sandy relief. They can be found in areas with little vegetation.
Badkhyz, Kugitang, Repetek, and Krasnovodsky are some of Turkmenistan’s biggest reserves. There are also a variety of resorts, including climate health hotels Firyuza and Bairam-Ali, as well as balneological resort hotels Archman and Mollakara. They are effective in the treatment and prevention of numerous disorders.